अभ्यासक्रम →Level 6 · सहजता आणि म्हणी →पाठ 1
Level 6 · Lesson 1म्हणी
Proverbs I
चार जुन्या म्हणी — आधी शब्द, मग अर्थ.
Four well-known Marathi proverbs, read first for their words and then for their sense.
ऐका · Listen
आजीची म्हण
Suhas, don't eat all that sweet in one go. Too much of anything turns to dust!
Ajji, why do you always come out with these proverbs?
Because a proverb is advice given in a handful of words. Four words in front, and a lot of experience behind them.
But that word तेथे sounds a little old-fashioned to me.
Quite right. The proverbs are old, so the words inside them are old too. तेथे is simply तिथे.
Tell me one more.
नाचता येईना अंगण वाकडे. He cannot do it himself, and he says the courtyard is crooked!
That one I understood exactly, Ajji.
Listening is a fine quality, child. That is how sense arrives.
स्पष्टीकरण · Explanation
म्हण म्हणजे लोकांच्या अनुभवातून आलेले छोटे वाक्य. या चार म्हणी पाहा — अति तेथे माती · नाचता येईना अंगण वाकडे · दुरून डोंगर साजरे · अंथरूण पाहून पाय पसरावे. आधी प्रत्येक शब्दाचा अर्थ पाहा, मग पूर्ण वाक्याचा.
A म्हण folds a whole piece of advice into four or five words. Read each one twice — once for the words, once for the sense. अति तेथे माती, word for word 'where there is excess, there is dust': overdo anything and it turns worthless. नाचता येईना अंगण वाकडे, 'she cannot dance, so the courtyard is crooked': the poor workman blames his tools. दुरून डोंगर साजरे, 'from far away the hills are lovely': everything looks better at a distance. अंथरूण पाहून पाय पसरावे, 'look at your bedding before stretching your legs': live within what you have.
म्हणींत जुने व्याकरण टिकून राहते, म्हणून त्या वेगळ्या वाटतात. तेथे म्हणजेच तिथे, फक्त जुने रूप. येईना म्हणजे येत नाही — क्रियापदाला -ना लावूनही नकार होतो, आणि हे रूप जुन्या मराठीतून आलेले आहे. दुरून डोंगर साजरे या म्हणीत आहेत हा शब्दच नाही; म्हणी क्रियापद सहज गाळतात.
Proverbs keep older grammar the way a box in the attic keeps old clothes, and that is exactly why they sound the way they do. तेथे is the older brother of तिथे. येईना is 'does not come': Marathi can negate a verb by hanging -ना on it, an old habit the language has never quite given up — you will still hear मला जमेना — where your everyday form is येत नाही. And दुरून डोंगर साजरे has no आहेत at all: proverbs drop the verb whenever the sense can stand without it. Nothing here is broken Marathi; it is simply Marathi from an earlier century, still in daily use.
पसरावे हे -आवे रूप कोणा एका माणसाला सांगत नाही, ते सगळ्यांना सांगते. याचे नकाररूप नये — खोटे बोलू नये. म्हण वाक्याच्या शेवटी टाका आणि तिचा अर्थ सांगू नका; ऐकणाऱ्याला तो आपोआप समजतो.
पसरावे is the -आवे form you met with पाहिजे and लागणे, but here it points at nobody in particular: one should stretch one's legs. Its negative is नये — खोटे बोलू नये, 'one should not lie'. That impersonal tone is half of why proverbs sound wise instead of bossy. When you use one, drop it at the end of what you were saying and then stop. Explaining a म्हण kills it; your listener will get there on their own.
शब्द · Vocabulary
| शब्द | Meaning | टीप · Note |
|---|---|---|
| म्हण | proverb | स्त्रीलिंगी; अनेकवचन म्हणी, सामान्यरूप म्हणी- |
| अनुभव | experience | पुल्लिंगी; सामान्यरूप अनुभवा- — अनुभवातून, अनुभवाने |
| शहाणपण | good sense, wisdom | नपुंसकलिंगी; शहाणा या विशेषणापासून बनलेला शब्द |
| सल्ला | advice | पुल्लिंगी; सामान्यरूप सल्ल्या- — सल्ला देणे, सल्ला घेणे |
| गुण | quality, virtue | पुल्लिंगी; माणसातली चांगली गोष्ट, दोष याच्या उलट |
| माती | earth, dust | स्त्रीलिंगी; म्हणीत — सगळे वाया गेले, या अर्थाने |
| वाकडा | crooked | विशेषण — वाकडा, वाकडी, वाकडे; सरळ याच्या उलट |
| साजरा | lovely (old usage) | जुन्या मराठीत सुंदर; आजच्या मराठीत सण साजरा करणे |
सराव · Practice
वापरून पाहा · Use it
आजचा दिवस आठवा. यांतली एक म्हण कुठे बसते? दोन वाक्ये स्वतःबद्दल सांगा आणि शेवटी ती म्हण टाका — अर्थ सांगू नका. मग तीच म्हण घरातल्या कोणाला तरी ऐकवा.
Think back over today. Did somebody overdo something, blame the courtyard, or spend more than they had? Say two sentences about it in Marathi, and let the proverb land at the end without a word of explanation — that is how a Marathi speaker uses one. Then try it on somebody at home and watch their face; a म्हण used at the right moment is the fastest way to sound like you have been speaking the language for years.