अभ्यासक्रम →Level 3 · विभक्ती आणि शब्दयोगी →पाठ 3
Level 3 · Lesson 3आईला सांगा
Giving and telling
मी आईला भेट देते. मी शिक्षिकेला सांगते. माणसाला तोच -ला.
The same -ला marks the person who receives — a gift, a note, or a piece of news.
ऐका · Listen
कोणाला काय?
Sītā, what are you giving Mother?
I'm giving Mother a flower. And a note as well.
Good. I'm giving my brother a treat.
And your sister?
I'm giving my sister a present.
Are you giving the boy money?
No. The boy gets a treat, not money.
And your teacher?
I will give the teacher a note. And I will tell Mother.
स्पष्टीकरण · Explanation
मी आईला फूल देते. मी भावाला खाऊ देतो. मी शिक्षिकेला चिठ्ठी देतो. माणसाला -ला, आणि वस्तू तशीच.
देणे and सांगणे put two things in one sentence: what is handed over, and the person it goes to. Marathi keeps them apart very simply. The person takes -ला on the oblique stem — आईला, भावाला, शिक्षिकेला — and the thing stands bare: फूल, खाऊ, चिठ्ठी. So मी आईला फूल देते is word for word 'I mother-to flower give'. The person comes first, the thing second, the verb last, and that order is the comfortable one in Marathi.
मुलाला बोलवा — इथे मुलगा येतो. आईला सांगा — इथे आई ऐकते. पण -ला तोच आहे.
Notice that this is the same ending you met last lesson, doing a second job. In मुलाला बोलवा the boy is the one you act on; in आईला सांगा the mother is the one who receives what you say. English feels these as different — 'call the boy' against 'tell it to mother' — and the Marathi tradition feels them as different too, counting them as two separate विभक्ती in level 9. Only the ending refuses to notice: it is -ला both times.
पैसे नेहमी अनेकवचनी: पैसे द्या. खाऊ मुलाला, आणि चिठ्ठी शिक्षिकेला.
Three words worth handling carefully. पैसे is money, and Marathi says it in the plural — पैसे द्या, never पैसा द्या, though the single coin is पैसा. खाऊ is what an adult brings a child: sweets, a snack, a small treat, and it is what you give a मुलगा or a मुलगी rather than a grown-up. चिठ्ठी is a short handwritten note — the slip you send to a teacher or leave on the table — as against a proper letter, which waits for a later lesson.
शब्द · Vocabulary
| शब्द | Meaning | टीप · Note |
|---|---|---|
| पैसे | money | पुल्लिंगी अनेकवचन; एकवचन पैसा — a coin, a paisa |
| भेट | gift, present; also a meeting | स्त्रीलिंगी; सामान्यरूप भेटी- |
| खाऊ | a treat, sweets or a snack for a child | पुल्लिंगी; built on the verb खाणे |
| चिठ्ठी | a note, a slip of paper | स्त्रीलिंगी; सामान्यरूप चिठ्ठी- |
| फूल | flower | नपुंसकलिंगी; अनेकवचन फुले; सामान्यरूप फुला- |
सराव · Practice
वापरून पाहा · Use it
आज कोणाला काय देता? म्हणा — मी आईला फूल देते. मी भावाला खाऊ देतो. मी शिक्षिकेला चिठ्ठी देते. आणि मग — मी आईला सांगते.
Name five people you know and give each of them something out loud, one sentence apiece: मी आईला फूल देते, मी भावाला खाऊ देतो, मी मुलीला भेट देते. Keep the shape steady — person with -ला, thing bare, verb at the end — and let the words in the middle change. Then change the verb and say three more with सांगणे — मी आईला सांगते, मी भावाला सांगते, मी शिक्षिकेला सांगते. The person keeps the -ला exactly as before; only what is handed over falls away.