अभ्यासक्रम →Level 5 · वर्णन आणि कथन →पाठ 16
Level 5 · Lesson 16कोल्हा आणि ससा
The fox and the rabbit
एक जुनी गोष्ट सांगणे, आणि गोष्टीच्या आत माणसांचे बोलणे बसवणे.
Retell a folk tale, and set the characters' own words inside the narration.
ऐका · Listen
आजीची गोष्ट
Grandma, tell me a new story today.
Listen. Long ago, in a big forest, there lived a fox and a rabbit.
Was there a lion in that forest too?
There was. The lion was the king of the forest, and on one tree there was a monkey.
What happened next?
One day the fox got very hungry. He went to the rabbit and said that the two of them should go to the river.
Did the rabbit go?
No. 'There is a hunter near the river; I am staying right here at home,' said the rabbit.
So what became of the fox?
The fox went alone. The hunter was indeed there, and the fox ran off. The monkey watched the whole thing from up in the tree.
स्पष्टीकरण · Explanation
गोष्टीत दोन गोष्टी एकत्र येतात — काय घडले ते, आणि माणसे काय बोलली ते. बोलणे सांगण्याची पहिली रीत म्हणजे की. कोल्हा म्हणाला की आपण नदीवर जाऊ या. की नंतर आपण फक्त अर्थ सांगतो.
A story does two jobs at once: it tells you what happened, and it tells you what the characters said. Marathi has two ways of doing the second, and this lesson gives you both. The first is की, which works like English 'that': कोल्हा म्हणाला की आपण नदीवर जाऊ या. After की you report the sense, not necessarily the exact words — and notice that Marathi does not shift the words the way English does. आपण stays आपण, the present stays present.
दुसरी रीत म्हणजे माणसाचे शब्द जसे आहेत तसेच सांगणे, आणि मग असे म्हणाला जोडणे — “मी घरातच थांबतो,” असे ससा म्हणाला. इथे एकही शब्द बदलत नाही.
The second way keeps the speaker's exact words and then points back at them with असे: “मी घरातच थांबतो,” असे ससा म्हणाला. असे means 'thus, in this way' — it is the little hand that says 'those words, just now, were his'. Storytellers love it, because the quoted sentence can be as lively as you like and असे म्हणाला puts it neatly back into the narration.
गोष्ट भूतकाळात चालते, म्हणून -ने येते आणि जाते. कोल्हा गेला — इथे -ने नाही. माकडाने हे सगळे बघितले — इथे -ने आले.
Because a story runs in the past, watch -ने appear and disappear from line to line. कोल्हा गेला and ससा थांबला have no -ने: nothing is being done to anything. But माकडाने हे सगळे बघितले does, because बघणे has something it is done to — and then the verb agrees with that thing, हे सगळे, which is why it ends -ले. Nothing new here; it is the level-4 habit, now doing real work in a story.
शब्द · Vocabulary
| शब्द | Meaning | टीप · Note |
|---|---|---|
| कोल्हा | fox | पुल्लिंगी; सामान्यरूप कोल्ह्या- — कोल्ह्याला, कोल्ह्याची |
| ससा | rabbit | पुल्लिंगी; सामान्यरूप सशा- — सशाला, सशाकडे |
| सिंह | lion | पुल्लिंगी; गोष्टींमध्ये नेहमी जंगलाचा राजा |
| माकड | monkey | नपुंसकलिंगी; सामान्यरूप माकडा- — माकडाने बघितले |
| शिकारी | hunter | पुल्लिंगी; रूप बदलत नाही — एक शिकारी, दोन शिकारी |
सराव · Practice
वापरून पाहा · Use it
ही गोष्ट पाच वाक्यांत तुमच्या शब्दांत सांगा. एका वाक्यात की वापरा, आणि एका वाक्यात असे म्हणाला वापरा.
Tell this story back in five sentences of your own, out loud. Rule for yourself: one sentence must use की, and one must quote a character's exact words and close with असे म्हणाला. Then do it again with an animal of your choosing in the rabbit's place — a मांजर, a कोंबडी — and you will find the frame carries any story you pour into it.